WIRED ERA
Era
WIRED ERA 1837-1920 telegraph, telephone, electricity, automobile, microbial theory, propeller, steel
WIRED ERA – by time represents 0.04% of human existence.
WIRED ERA – represents 22% of inventions or 448/2000 inventions.
Inventions from the Data communication Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Morse code | instant distant communication | 1837 | Samuel Morse | USA (56) |
| Telegraph | practical | 1837 | Samuel Morse | USA (56) |
| Fax machine | 1843 | Alexander Bain | UK | |
| Printing telegraph | recorded dots/dashes | 1846 | Royal Earl House, Jacob Brett | UK |
| Mail order catalog | shop from home | 1872 | Montgomery Ward | USA |
| Telephone | auditory instant communication | 1876 | Alexander Graham Bell | USA (15) |
| Microphone | amplified/recorded/transmitted speech | 1878 | David E. Hughes, Emile Berliner | UK/USA/ Germany |
| Radio | wireless communication | 1895 | Guglielmo Marconi | Italy (29) |
| Remote radio control | wireless control | 1898 | Nikola Tesla | USA |
| RADAR | radio detection and ranging | 1904 | Christian Haismeyer | Germany |
| SONAR | sound navigation and ranging | 1906 | Lewis Nixon | USA |
| Rotary dial telephone | self entered phone number | 1919 | Almon Brown Strowger | USA |
| Amplitude modulation radio | AM standard receiver | 1919 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | USA |
Inventions from the Data storage Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Pitman shorthand | data recording manually | 1837 | Isaac Pitman | UK |
| Silver based photo processing | Daguerrotype | 1837 | Louis Daguerre | France |
| Rotary printing press | 1843 | Richard Marx Hoe | USA | |
| Color photography | images in color | 1855 | James Clerk Maxwell | UK |
| Continuous roll printing press | high volume printing | 1863 | William A. Bullock | USA |
| Typewriter | QWERTY keyboard | 1866 | Christopher Latham Sholes | USA |
| Phonograph | sound recording | 1877 | Thomas Alva Edison | USA (88) |
| Ball point pen | early | 1880 | Alonzo T. Cross | USA |
| Fountain pen | no dip required | 1884 | Lewis Waterman | USA |
| Plastic film | 1884 | George Eastman | USA | |
| Typewriter ink ribbon | continuous ink for typing | 1886 | George K. Anderson | USA |
| Gramophone disc phonograph recorder | on records | 1887 | Emile Berliner | Germany/USA |
| Shellac (wax) compounds | for phonographic discs | 1887 | Emile Berliner | Germany/USA |
| Push button film camera | easy photography | 1888 | George Eastman (Kodak) | USA |
| Kinetoscope | motion pictures | 1888 | Thomas Alva Edison | USA |
| Juke box | record playing machine | 1889 | Lewis Glass | USA |
| Motion picture camera | and projector | 1895 | Auguste and Louis Lumiere | France (37) |
Inventions from the Energy radiant Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Safety match | 1844 | Gustaf Erik Pasch | Sweden | |
| Nitroglycerin | more powerful than gunpowder | 1846 | Ascanio Sobrero | Italy |
| Metal cartridge bullet | percussion cap base | 1846 | Houiller | France |
| Repeating rifle | 1849 | Walter Hunt | USA | |
| Internal combustion engine | gas | 1859 | Etienne Lenoir | France |
| Henry rifle | 1860 | Benjamin Robert Henry | USA | |
| Machine gun | Gatling gun | 1862 | Richard Gatling | USA |
| Torpedo | 1864 | Giovanni Luppis, Robert Whitehead | Austria/UK | |
| Springfield rifle | breech loading | 1865 | Springfield Armory | USA |
| Dynamite | powerful explosive | 1867 | Alfred Nobel | Sweden |
| Winchester 73 | rifle | 1873 | Winchester Co. | USA |
| Cathode ray tube | predates television | 1878 | William Crooks | UK |
| 2 stroke engine | gasoline | 1879 | Karl Benz | Germany |
| Light bulb filament | carbonized bamboo | 1879 | Thomas Alva Edison | USA |
| Smokeless gunpowder | 3x more powerful than black gunpowder | 1884 | Paul Vielle | France (37) |
| Maxim machine gun | 1884 | Hiram Maxim | USA/UK | |
| Lever action rifle | Winchester | 1987 | John Moses Browning | USA |
| Electric toaster | 1893 | Crompton Co. | UK | |
| Diesel engine | compression ignition | 1893 | Rudolf Diesel | Germany |
| Pull chain light switch | 1986 | Harvey Hubbell | USA | |
| Flashlight | wireless lighting | 1896 | David Misell | UK |
| Air conditioner | commercial | 1902 | Willis Carrier | USA (50) |
| Flamethrower | 1915 | Richard Fiedler | Germany | |
| Tungsten light filament | longer lived lightbulb | 1916 | Irving Langmuir | USA |
| Submachine gun | 1918 | Theodor Bergmann | Germany | |
| Pop up toaster | 1919 | Charles Strite | USA |
Inventions from the Energy current Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Hydrogen fuel cell | 1838 | William Robert Grove | UK | |
| Solar cell | photovoltaic cell | 1839 | Edmond Becquerel | France. (66) |
| Francis water turbine | 1849 | James Francis | UK/USA (69) | |
| Lead acid battery | rechargeable | 1859 | Gaston Plante | France |
| Dry cell battery | alkaline battery | 1866 | Georges Leclanche | France |
| Free jet water turbine | 90% efficiency(Pelton wheel) | 1880 | Lester Pelton | USA |
| AC induction motor | 1881 | Nikola Tesla | USA (60) | |
| Electric fan | 1882 | Schuyler Skaats Wheeler | USA | |
| Electric iron | 1882 | Henry W. Seely | USA | |
| Steam turbine | 89% world electricity | 1884 | Charles Parsons | USA (44) |
| AC transformer | 1884 | Karoly Zipernowsky, Otto Blathy, Miksa Deri | Austria/Hungary | |
| Wind turbine | electricity | 1888 | Charles Brush, James Blyth | USA |
| AC electric power | 1888 | Nikola Tesla | USA (12) | |
| Fuse | 1890 | Thomas Alva Edison | USA | |
| Tesla coil | transformer | 1891 | Nikola Tesla | USA |
Inventions from the Machines non-transport Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Steam jack hammer | 1837 | James Nasmyth | UK | |
| Steam shovel | 1839 | William Otis | USA | |
| Telemark skis | for cross country skiing | 1840 | Telemark | Norway |
| Grain elevator | commercial elevator | 1842 | Joseph Dart | USA |
| Ice making machine | 1850 | James Harrison | Australia | |
| Hydraulic jack | 1851 | Richard Dudgeon | USA | |
| Lockstitch sewing machine | commercial | 1851 | Isaac Singer | USA |
| Electric burglar alarm | 1851 | Edwin T. Holmes, Augustus R. Pope | USA | |
| Punch triangle can opener | 1858 | Ezra J. Warner | USA | |
| Twist drill | 1861 | Stephen A. Morse | USA | |
| Centrifuge | cream from milk | 1864 | Antonin Prandtl | Germany |
| Mousetrap | 1880 | Hiram Stevens Maxim | USA/UK | |
| Steam winch | logging engine | 1881 | John Dolbeer | USA |
| Electric dishwasher | 1886 | Josephine Cochrane | USA | |
| Hearing aid | 1898 | Miller Reese Hutchinson | USA | |
| Vacuum cleaner | industrial | 1901 | Hubert Cecil Booth, David T. Kennedy | UK/USA |
| Air conditioner | commercial | 1902 | Willis Carrier | USA (50) |
| Electric washing machine | 1907 | Alva J. Fisher | USA | |
| Hoover vacuum | for home use | 1907 | James Spangler, William Henry Hoover | USA |
Inventions from the Transport Machines Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| First propeller steam ship | Archimedes | 1839 | Archimedes | UK (65) |
| Telemark skis | for cross country skiing | 1849 | Telemark | Norway |
| Elevator safety brake | allowed for skyscrapers | 1852 | Elisha Otis | USA |
| Manned dirigible flight | lighter than air flight | 1852 | Henri Giffard | France |
| Safety bicycle | modern bicycle | 1854, 1885 | John Kemp Starley | UK (78) |
| Iron clad ship | USS Monitor | 1862 | John Ericcson | Sweden/USA |
| 4 wheeled roller skate | 1863 | James Plimpton | USA | |
| Metal rimmed spoked wheels | 1869 | Eugene Meyer | France | |
| Air brake | for trains | 1869 | George Westinghouse | USA |
| 4 stroke internal combustion engine | gas automobile | 1876 | Nicolaus Otto | Germany (17) |
| Automobile seat belts | safety device | 1885 | Edward J. Claghorn | USA |
| Automobile | 2 stroke gas engine | 1886 | Karl Benz | Germany (17) |
| Powered airplane | heavier than air with controls | 1903 | Orville and Wilbur Wright | USA (26) |
| U - boat | successful submarine | 1905 | Germany | |
| Quadricopter | 4 rotors | 1907 | Jacques and Louis Brequet, Charles Richet | France |
| Continuous caterpillar tracks | carry road with vehicle | 1907 | David Roberts | UK |
| Outboard motor | portable, detachable | 1908 | Ole Evinrude | Norway/USA |
| Model T automobile | practical car | 1908 | Henry Ford | USA |
| Backpack parachute | pilot safety device | 1911 | Gleb Kotelnikov | |
| Seaplane | 1911 | Henri Fabre | France | |
| Liquid fueled rocket | 1914 | Robert H. Goddard | USA | |
| Traffic light | 1914 | Garrett Morgan | USA | |
| Tank | armored vehicle | 1915 | Walter Wilson, William Tritten, Gegene Brille | UK/France |
| Automatic pilot | gyrostabilizer | 1915 | Lawrence and Elmer Sperry | USA |
| Hydraulic brake | 1918 | Malcolm Lougheed | USA | |
| Motor scooter | 1919 | Greville Bradshaw | UK | |
| Mobile home | 1919 | Glenn H. Curtiss | USA | |
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Inventions from the Materials, metals Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Chicken wire fence | 1844 | Charles Barnard | UK | |
| Safety pin | 1849 | Walter Hunt | USA | |
| Bessimer steel process | high volume quality steel | 1855 | Henry Bessimer | UK (28) |
| Modern whaling harpoon | 1864 | Svend Foyn | Norway | |
| Paper clip | 1867 | Samuel Fay | USA | |
| Stainless steel | chromium steel alloy | 1872 | J. E. T. Woods, J. Clark | UK (28) |
| Barbed wire | practical | 1874 | Joseph Glidden | USA |
| Blow torch | welding lower temperatures | 1881 | Carl Nyborg | Sweden |
| Steel girder skyscraper | high rise buildings | 1884 | William Le Baron Jenney | USA |
| Electric arc welding | advanced welding | 1885 | Nikolai Benardos, Stanislaus Olszewski | Russia/Poland |
| Aluminum | commercial production | 1886 | Charles Martin Hall, and Julia Hall, Paul Heroult | USA/France (57) |
| Bayer process | for aluminum | 1887 | Carl Josef Bayer | Austria |
| Bottle cap | with cork seal | 1892 | William Painter | USA |
| Vacuum flask | Thermos device | 1892 | James Dewar | UK |
| Oxy-acetylene welding | torch welding | 1903 | Edmond Forche, Charles Picard | France (77) |
| Crescent wrench | adjustable wrench | 1907 | Johan Petter Johansson | Sweden |
| Aluminum foil | 1910 | J. G. Nehor and Sons | Switzerland | |
| Stainless steel | commercial production | 1913 | Harry Brearley | UK (28) |
| Rivot | metal | 1915 | Scotland, UK (90) |
Inventions from the Materials, non-Metals Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Standard diving suit | 1837 | Augustus Siebe | Germany | |
| Vulcanized rubber | with sulfur | 1839 | Charles Goodyear | USA |
| Modern Portland cement | 1845 | Joseph and William Aspdin, Isaac Charles Johnson | UK | |
| Rubber band | 1845 | Stephen Perry | UK | |
| Kerosene | petroleum distillate | 1848 | Abraham Gesner | Canada |
| Chemical vapor deposition | 1852 | Robert Bunsen | Germany | |
| Rubber boots | Wellington | 1852 | Hiram Hutchinson | USA/France |
| Reinforced concrete | steel in cement/concrete | 1853 | Francois Coignet | France |
| Celluloid plastic | Parkesine first plastic | 1856 | Alexander Parkes, John Wesley Hyatt | UK/USA. (43) |
| Oil refinery | 1856 | James Miller Williams, Ignancy Lukasiewicz, James Young | Poland/UK/Canada. (79) | |
| Gasoline | petroleum distillate | 1859 | Thomas Midgley | USA |
| Linoleum | flooring | 1860 | Frederick Walton | UK |
| Indigo dye | first synthetic dye | 1865 | Adolf von Baeyer | Germany |
| Paper bag | flat bottom | 1870 | Margaret Knight | USA |
| Vaseline | petroleum jelly | 1870 | Robert Chesebrough | USA |
| Modern chewing gum | 1870 | Thomas Adams | USA | |
| Cardboard | corrugated | 1871 | Albert L. Jones | USA |
| Asphalt | petroleum pavement | 1872 | Edward de Smed | Belgium/USA |
| PVC poly vinylchloride | hard plastic | 1872 | Eugen Bauman | Germany |
| Rayon | synthetic fiber | 1884 | Louis-Marie-Hilaire Bernigaud, Count of Chardonnet | France |
| Contact lenses | lenses directly on the eye | 1887 | Adolf Fick | Germany |
| Pneumatic rubber tire | air cushion | 1887 | John Boyd Dunlop | UK |
| Thermal cracking of oil | improved refining of oil | 1891 | Vladimir Shukhov | Russia |
| Glass blowing machine | 1895 | Michael Owens | USA | |
| Polyethylene | most common plastic | 1898 | Hans von Pechmann | Germany |
| Wax crayon | colored writing/drawing | 1903 | Edwin Binney, C. Harold Smith | USA |
| Laminated glass | safety glass | 1903 | Edouard Benedictus | France |
| Glass bottle making machine | automatic | 1903 | Michael Joseph Owens | USA |
| Silicone | rubbery material | 1904 | Frederic Stanley Kippinig | UK |
| Bakelite plastic | synthetic shellac | 1907 | Leo Hendrik Baekeland | Belgium/USA |
| Formica | laminate | 1912 | Daniel O'Conor, Herbert Faber | USA |
| Pyrex | boron glass | 1915 | William C. Taylor, Eugene Sullivan | USA |
Inventions from the Domestic Biotech Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Practical threshing machine | mechanized agriculture | 1837 | Hiram A. Pitts, John A. Pitts | USA |
| Standard modern flush toilet | sanitation mechanized | 1837 | Thomas Crapper | UK |
| Steel plow | modern | 1837 | John Deere | USA |
| Super phosphate | first synthetic fertilizer | 1839 | Justus von Biebig, John Bennet Lawes | UK |
| Ice cream maker | 1843 | Nancy Johnson | USA | |
| Mowing machine | practical | 1844 | William Ketchum | USA |
| Dry cleaning | 1849 | Jean-Baptiste Jolly | France | |
| Pasteurization | 1864 | Louis Pasteur | France (49) | |
| Scientific plant breeding | Mendelian | 1865 | Gregor Mendel | Czechoslovakia |
| Margarine | butter substitute | 1869 | Hippolyte Mage-Mourias | France |
| Hay bailing machine | automatic | 1872 | Charles Withington | USA |
| Blue jeans | miners wear | 1873 | Levi Strauss, Jacob Davis | USA |
| DDT pesticide | dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane | 1874 | Othmar Zeidler | Germany |
| Saccharin | artificial sweetner | 1879 | Ira Remsen, Constantin Fahlberg | USA/Germany |
| Septic tank | sanitation | 1881 | Jean-Louis Mouras | France |
| Peanut butter | 1884 | Marcellus Gilmore Edson | Canada | |
| Coca cola | soft drink | 1886 | John Pemberton | USA |
| Sewage treatment facility | sanitary engineering | 1890 | Worchester , Mass. | USA |
| Gas tractor | mechanized agriculture | 1892 | John Froehlich | USA |
| Zipper | fastening device | 1893 | Whitcomb Judson | USA |
| Breakfast cereal flakes | 1894 | John Harvey Kellogg | USA | |
| Hairbrush | hygiene | 1898 | Lyda D. Newman | USA |
| Concrete dam | 1903 | Nils F. Ambursen | USA | |
| Synthetic detergent | 1907 | Fritz Henkel | Germany | |
| Hybrid corn | 1917 | Donald F. Jones | USA | |
| Nitrogen fixation | Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production | 1918 | Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch | Germany (46) |
Inventions from the Medical Biotech Classification
| Invention | Description | Year | Inventor | Country |
| Hypodermic syringe | medicine delivery not by mouth | 1844, 1853 | Francis Rynd, Charles Gabriel Pravaz, Alexander Wood | France/UK (23) |
| Ether general anesthesia | first true general anesthesia | 1842 | Crawford W. Long, William Morton | USA |
| Ophthalmoscope | eye inspection | 1851 | Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmhotz | Germany |
| Aspirin synthesized | acetylsalicyclic acid | 1853 | Charles Fredic Gerhardt | Germany |
| Snellen eye test | visual acuity | 1862 | Hermann Snellen | Netherlands |
| Modern thermometer clinical | fever test | 1866 | Thomas Albutt | UK |
| Vaccine for cholera | first successful bacterial vaccine | 1879 | Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, Pasteur Instittute | France |
| Autoclave | sterilization instruments | 1879 | Charles Chamberlain | |
| Modern otoscope | ear examination | 1881 | A. Hartman | Germany |
| Rabies vaccine | previously fatal | 1882 | Louis Pasteur | France |
| Tetanus and diphtheria vaccines | 1890 | Emil von Behring | Germany | |
| Modern toothpaste and toothpaste tube | oral hygiene | 1892 | Washington Wentworth Sheffield | USA |
| X-ray imaging | first medical imaging | 1895 | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen | Germany (59) |
| Sphygmomanometer | practical | 1896 | Scipione Riva-Rocci | Italy |
| Rotator cuff tendon repair | shoulder surgery | 1898 | Wilhelm Muller | Germany |
| ABO blood groups | compatibility for transfusions | 1900 | Karl Landskiner | Austria (51) |
| EKG | electrocardiogram machine | 1903 | Willem Einthoven | Netherlands |
| Barium sulfate contrast | x-ray imaging, complex | 1905 | USA/Germany | |
| Arsphenamine chemotherapy | for syphilis and African sleeping sickness | 1907 | Alfred Bertheim, Paul Erlich | Germany |
| IUD intrauterine device | contraception drug free | 1909 | Richard Richter | Germany |
| Latex condom | contraception | 1912 | Julius Fromm | Poland/Germany |
| Isoniazid | for tuberculosis | 1912 | Meyer and Malley | Czechoslovakia |
| Heparin | anticoagulant, blood thinner | 1916 | Jay McClean, William Henry Howell | USA |
| Knee arthroscopy | minimal surgery | 1919 | Kenji Takagi | Japan |