Energy radiant

Classification

Radiant energy is fire, heat, sun, light, and nuclear energy. There are 35 prehistoric uses of fire. Of the Top 100 inventions, one third directly require fire or heat in some form for the invention. A second third of the Top 100 require fire or heat indirectly for the invention.

Inventions from the ORAL ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Control of Fire		250,000 BCE		Africa (1)
35 PREHISTORIC USES OF FIRE
1) Heat
2) Light
3) Nutrition from cooking
4) Protection/shelter
5) Sterilize water
6) Charcoal to restart fire
7) Clearing land for crops
8) Signaling
9) Burning waste
10) Cremation
11) Repel insects
12) Cauterize wounds
13) Hardening wood/stone
14) Drying objects, clothes/food
15) Food preservation, smoking meat
16) Waterproofing with smoke
17) Migration in cold climates
18) Drive animals
19) Smoke out bees for honey
20) Drive out holed animals
21) Bending wood (Bow)
22) Burn out canoes
23) Black pigment, charcoal
24) Char wood to decrease rot
25) Remove seed chaff
26) Smoke tobacco
27) Scar/tatoos
28) Burning hair off hides
29) Warfare
30) Religious ceremonies
31) Detoxify botulism
32) Glue from birch bark
33) Ink from charcoal and glue
34) Toothpaste
35) Soap

Inventions from the TOKENS ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Kiln	furnace	6000 BCE	Sumer	Mesopotamia
Bow drill	for starting fires	4500 BCE		Indus River
Oil lamp	radiating light	4000 BCE		Egypt

Inventions from the WRITTEN ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Oven	for bread baking	3000 BCE		Egypt
Candle	radiant light	3000 BCE		Egypt/Crete
Bellows	for smelting	2500 BCE		Mesopotamia

HISTORIC TOP 100 FIRE USES
1) Control of FIRE
2) Smelting copper, bronze, iron
3) Steam engine
4) Internal combustion engine
5) Black gunpowder
6) Glass, optical lenses
7) Ceramics
8) Fission power
9) Artificial satellite
10) Semiconductor electronics
11) Smokeless gunpowder
12) Plastics
13) Steam turbine
14) Nitrogen fixation (Haber-Bosch process)
15) Concrete
16) V-2 rocket
17) Petroleum refining
18) Soap
19) Stainless steel
20) Aluminum
21) Fiberoptics
22) Nail
23) Screw
24) Photovoltaic cell, silicon
25) Fusion technology
26) Oxy-acetylene torch welding
27) Safety bicycle
28) Saw
29) Gears
30) Axe, wedge, chisel
31) Rivet
32) Synthetic diamond
33) Disposable hypodermic syringe
34). Polyester, synthetic fiber polymers

Inventions from the ALPHABET ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Blast furnace	for smelting ores	400 BCE		China
Lighthouse	for navigation	250 BCE		Alexandria, Hellenistic Egypt
Torch	sulfur and lime	100 AD		Rome

Inventions from the NUMBERS ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Sulfur matches		577 AD		China
Windmill	wind power	650 AD		Persia
Black gunpowder	sulfur, charcoal, potassium nitrate	850 AD	Wei Boyang	China
Firelance	first firearm	950 AD		China
Bomb	explosive	1221 AD		China
Hand cannon	firearm	1250 AD		China
Bronze cannon	weapon/artillary	1326 AD		China
Musket	true firearm	1350 AD		China

Inventions from the PRINT ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Rifle	grooves in barrel	1498 AD	Gaspard Kollner	Austria (20)
Flintlock ignition		1612 AD	Marin Le Boureoys	France
Steam engine	pump for mines	1698 AD	Thomas Savory	UK
Improved Watt compressor	steam engine	1765 AD	James Watt	UK (16)
Shrapnel shell	explosive fragmentation	1784 AD	Henry Shrapnel	UK
Percussion cap firearm		1807 AD	Alexander John Forsyth	UK
Internal combustion engine	engine cylinder combustion	1807 AD	Nicephore Niepce	France
Breach loaded rifle		1810 AD	John H. Hall	USA
Friction match		1826 AD	John Walker	UK
Cylindrical bullet		1830 AD	Henri-Gustave Delvigne	France
Revolver	practical, functional	1835 AD	Samuel Colt	USA

Inventions from the WIRED ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Safety match		1844	Gustaf Erik Pasch	Sweden
Nitroglycerin	more powerful than gunpowder	1846	Ascanio Sobrero	Italy
Metal cartridge bullet	percussion cap base	1846	Houiller	France
Repeating rifle		1849	Walter Hunt	USA
Internal combustion engine	gas	1859	Etienne Lenoir	France
Henry rifle		1860	Benjamin Robert Henry	USA
Machine gun	Gatling gun	1862	Richard Gatling	USA
Torpedo		1864	Giovanni Luppis, Robert Whitehead	Austria/UK
Springfield rifle	breech loading	1865	Springfield Armory	USA
Dynamite	powerful explosive	1867	Alfred Nobel	Sweden
Winchester 73	rifle	1873	Winchester Co.	USA
Cathode ray tube	predates television	1878	William Crooks	UK
2 stroke engine	gasoline	1879	Karl Benz	Germany
Light bulb filament	carbonized bamboo	1879	Thomas Alva Edison	USA
Smokeless gunpowder	3x more powerful than black gunpowder	1884	Paul Vielle	France (37)
Maxim machine gun		1884	Hiram Maxim	USA/UK
Lever action rifle	Winchester	1987	John Moses Browning	USA
Electric toaster		1893	Crompton Co.	UK
Diesel engine	compression ignition	1893	Rudolf Diesel	Germany
Pull chain light switch		1986	Harvey Hubbell	USA
Flashlight	wireless lighting	1896	David Misell	UK
Air conditioner	commercial	1902	Willis Carrier	USA (50)
Flamethrower		1915	Richard Fiedler	Germany
Tungsten light filament	longer lived lightbulb	1916	Irving Langmuir	USA
Submachine gun		1918	Theodor Bergmann	Germany
Pop up toaster		1919	Charles Strite	USA

Inventions from the WIRELESS ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Tommy gun	45 mm portable machine gun	1920	John Thompson	USA
Geothermal power plant		1921	John D. Grant	USA
Zippo lighter		1932	George Blaisdell	USA
Nuclear fission of heavy nuclei	uranium, thorium	1938	Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Fritz Straussmann	Germany/Austria
Bazooka	anti-tank weapon	1942	Clarence Hickman, Edward Uhl, Leslie Skinner	USA
Napalm	incendiary weapon	1942	Louis Feiser, Harvard U.	USA
Nuclear fission chain reaction		1942	Enrico Fermi, U of Chicago	USA
Assault rifle		1944	Hugo Schmeisser	Germany
Microwave oven	not portable	1945	Percy L. Spencer	USA
Uranium, Little Boy, fission bomb	gun type mechanism, Manhattan project	1945	J. Robert Oppenheimer et al.	USA
Plutonium, Fat Man, fission bomb	implosion mechanism, Manhattan project	1945	J. Robert Oppenheimer et al.	USA
AK -47	assault rifle	1947	Mikhail Kalashnikov	USSR
Nuclear power plant	fission electricity	1951	Walter Zinn	USA
Thermonuclear fusion bomb	nuclear fusion, Operation Ivy	1952	Edward Teller et al.	USA
Silicon solar cell	sunlight to electricity	1953	Gerald Pearson,Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, Bell labs	USA
Uzi sub machine gun		1954	Uziel Gal	Israel
LASER, semiconductor	light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation	1957	Jun-ichi Nishizawa	Japan
Ruby LASER		1960	Theodore Maiman, Gordon Gould, Charles Hard Townes, Atrhur L. Schawlow	USA
LED	light emitting diode	1962	Nick Holonyak Jr.	USA
Lava lamp		1963	Edward Craven Walker	USA
Carbon dioxide LASER		1964	Kumar Patel, Bell labs	USA
Liquid crystal display	LCD	1964	George Heilmeier	USA
Portable microwave oven	countertop	1967	Amana	USA
LASER guided bomb	smart bomb	1967	US Air Force	USA
Light emitting diode watch	digital watch, LED display	1972	John M. Bergey	USA
Compact flourescent light bulb	more efficient light	1976	Edward E. Hammer, GE	USA
Neutron bomb	high radiation weapon	1981	Samual T. Cohen	USA
Scram jet engine	more powerful jet	1981	Ray Stalker	Australia
LASER pointer	presentation highlighter	1982	Theodore Harold Maiman, Gordon Gould	USA
OLED display	organic light emitting diode	1987	Stephen Van Slyke, Ching W. Tang	USA

Inventions from the INTERNET ERA Era

Invention	Description	Year	Inventor	Country
Ultraviolet light water purification	UV water sterilization	1992	Ashok Gadgil	USA/India
Antisatellite LASER	space weapon	1997	Department of Defense	USA
Active denial system, microwave crowd clearing device	heat ray	2001	James Jordan Rosenberg, Michael Peter DeLisio, Blythe Chadwick	USA
LASER mapping of 3 dimensional objects	digital blueprints	2001	Ben Kacyra	USA
Improvised explosive device	IED remotely activated	2001	international	Middle East
LASER pulsed energy projectile	PEP LASER induced plasma explosion	2002	E. M. Honig	USA
Metal storm machine gun	1 million rounds/minute	2007	J. Mike O'Dwyer	Australia
Massive ordinance penetrator	MOP bunker busting bomb	2007	Department of Defense	USA
Anti-drone LASER	heat generating	2014	China	China

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